Lightening the load

Peter Insole

Western Thunderer
After the trauma of the transfers, (albeit happily resolved in the end) and a further delay on progress with the "little engine" due to a bout of illness, that is also sufficiently settled now, I fancied a brief break and something of a diversion on the workbench. Motivation came from both a promise to a friend, and something desirable that had played yet another influential part of my own childhood. The 7mm scale object, while appearing to be simple and straightforward was, I feared, likely to be a bit of a brain scrambler? Something that turned out to be quite so!

A common problem, and good reason why there are so few examples modelled is a notable, and apparently total lack of available drawings from any predictable, or at least obvious sources. I have managed to collect a lot of photographic images, and have acquired copies of various and vital principal dimensions, so that was excuse enough to have a go?!

It was clear that a basic prototype would have to be measured out, drawn and built up in order to be able to visually check the subtleties of the design before committing to cutting any plastic.

That trusty old fashioned mountboard and paper would do perfectly...

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I could not be at all sure that any of these tricky curves and angles would fit together, let alone remotely align on the next section to be constructed.

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I added a non prototypical strip of pine to act as a spine for rigidity in what was a rather flimsy structure at this stage. The final model will have an extensively ribbed and boxed up double skin "Ceiling" to hopefully achieve the same effect.

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OK., it can be a mystery no more, as the appearing shape should be familiar to anyone who was either born or raised near, had relatives living in the area, or had ever travelled to see to the old London river?!

Fortunately, and perhaps rather more amazingly, the curvy bits did more or less fit - and look pretty much right so far as a bonus! The real fun - and some surprises were about to start however.

More of that later though!

Pete.
 

oldravendale

Western Thunderer
What scale is that, Peter? It looks ginourmous. I even (just) remember steam tugs hauling strings of these and being fascinated as the chimneys were lowered for each bridge and then raised again afterwards.

(BTW, did you see on the news that the Thames has cleaned up even further and now there are reports of sharks in the waters. I assume that won't be above Teddington!:) It came as rather a surprise after all the complaints about Thames Water releasing sewerage in to the rivers feeding the Thames.)

Brian
 

Peter Insole

Western Thunderer
Thank you Brian, it is quite a whopper in 7mm scale! It would seem that they came in all sorts of sizes, but the most common appear to be around 80ft long, 21ft in the beam and 8 ft deep midships!

Although I couldn't begin to describe it, I cannot forget the distinct aroma on the breeze that alerted your nostrils and informed you that you were getting close to the river, and well before you could see it!! Then there was the music; steam whistles and hooters frequently blown in code to indicate a captain or skipper's intentions, with the pitch giving a clue to the size and tonnage of the vessels. I am so glad I was lucky enough to experience some of that before it all finally died out!

There have always been sharks in London - but of the suited and booted variety, I have certainly met a few of them in my time!!

Pete.
 

Tom Insole

Western Thunderer
Ah, This explains why I've not seen Wren updates... Glad you're on the mend dad! A really exciting little venture starting here and I'm looking forward to seeing this one develop too. Also look forward to my next drop in to see the progress in person. (and seeing that beautiful dome atop of Wren!!).

Tom.
 

Peter Insole

Western Thunderer
Thanks Tom, look forward to seeing you soon. That's the trouble Col, it would only look right having a flotilla of them! Then there is the floating soap dish in the bath option to consider - a vision hilariously explored last Tuesday...!!

Oh dear, what have I gone and started...?!

Pete.
 

geoff_nicholls

Western Thunderer
How will the lighter appear on the layout? grounded with the tide out, or with the tide in? If the latter perhaps a waterline model might be a better option. It would be relatively easy to cast the basic hull of a waterline model in resin, which would save a bit of work if you need several.
 

GrahameH

Western Thunderer
Please excuse the intrusion Peter,

Using card as a medium to produce either a mock up or completed model can work very well I've found.

Several years ago I scratch built a Thames Barge wholly from 1mm ply, a ketch from card and a model of a sailing barge also from 1mm ply all work very well for this sort of modelling.

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Grahame
 

simond

Western Thunderer
I concur, card and foamboard are great for this sort of modelling.

Of course, those of us with a limited armoury of artistic skill can also enlist the computer to help by printing the plans, which can then be stuck directly to the material, in finished colour if desired, to cut around. And one stage further, the laser makes quick work of frames and ribs...

some lovely models above!

S
 

Eastsidepilot

Western Thunderer
How will the lighter appear on the layout? grounded with the tide out, or with the tide in? If the latter perhaps a waterline model might be a better option. It would be relatively easy to cast the basic hull of a waterline model in resin, which would save a bit of work if you need several.

Geoff,
On my layout it will be tide out so they will be sitting on the barge bank. Bow Creek Wharf. S7

Col.
 

Peter Insole

Western Thunderer
After the aforementioned discussions held at Love Lane, but not including the more ribald suggestions, here is a bit more to bring this tale up to date:

My approach to the next stage might appear to have been overly complex, but was absolutely necessary if I was to stand any chance of getting my addled brain around an extremely subtle, but vital detail of the vessel's design. To the casual observer, a lighter is little more than a long, rectangular, open topped box, with a roundy bit at each end. Ha! Oh that it were that simple?!

Back in their heyday, lighters were built by a whole host of independent, specialist boatyards up and down the Thames, first working in timber before inevitably turning to metal fabrication. Each company had their own way of doing things - and indeed customers with specific requirements, so some variety was therefore inevitable. Strangely though, an almost pointless adherence to "tradition" seems to have been the rule, rather than the exception, and so it does beggar belief that at least one notable feature clearly added a significant layer of unnecessary complexity to the construction? I do understand some of the basic principals of boatbuilding, where long beams, with sweeping curves and angled joints are vital, not just for seaworthiness, but structural integrity also. Wrought iron and steel for hulls clearly had many advantages, not least of which was the ability to introduce production line techniques with the attendant high degree of accuracy throughout. Despite that, and the fact that no lighters were ever expected to have to plough through particularly high waters, the question of why on earth the architects still seemed to insist upon drawing a lovely, delicate sheer line running between the fore and after peaks is unanswerable?

If it might not have been a problem for the grafters in the boatshed, it certainly was for me!!

The fundamental issue here is that the chines (bottom angle twixt the floor and sides) are straight - or flat, while the covers - or wales (top angle where the deck meets the sides) also needed to be dead straight - in the vertical plane - in order to be able to tie the vessel securely at each end alongside a wharf, jetty or indeed another vessel. The hatch coamings (sides of the opening through the deck) are also straight, (aligning vertically with the chines) and the narrow, cambered decks should be parallel along the entire length of the hold. If all the riveted frame joints were equal, then the geometry would dictate an inward bend towards the midships. Now I have made it up, I can count that there are 27 frames between the fore and aft bulkheads on this particular model, so that means 14 (including the bulkhead) to cut at different lengths and set at fractionally different pitches - repeated four times - just to form the main structure - and that is before even considering the problem of the rounded runs, deck cambers and flat "swims"!!

I eventually decided that before my head exploded, the only viable option was to adopt a cut strip, slot, stick up and trim back policy...

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The first act was to cut the long, straight topped hatch coamings. I have made them much deeper (below deck level) than on the real thing as this is only a card prototype - and I wanted the additional handling strength. I marked out each of the 27 vertical frames, with the upper and lower horizontal limits of the sheer, and pencilled in the gently curved deck line - frame by frame.

To make life marginally easier I selected alternate frames for each "carling", (short deck beam) that I hoped would be enough to provide an accurate shape for the outer skin to be fitted later.

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As the deck has to be parallel, each individual carling was cut and numbered from a single strip, with a constant angle measured from the point where it met the pencil line on the coaming.

I then cut a load of equal sized spacers to set between each carling, but found that I needed an extra strip of wood to make the delicate assembly a bit more rigid.

Yes, I did forget 6/1 and 6/2 - only noticing that glaring omission during the fiddly gluing up process! It's that wretched numbers thing again!

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After slotting the "floors" at the chine, it was relatively straightforward to glue in the plain frames, ensuring that they aligned perfectly with the outer corner of each carling. When sufficiently set, the excess material could be cut back to form the appropriate angles.

The next image just about shows the slight, subtle, outward bow of the wale towards the centre line of the hull!

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The final frame issue was to fit the fore and after peaks. I still felt deeply unsure if the curves and camber of the decks would match and align. All options and potential pitfalls were too carefully considered - and rejected, reappraised and rejected again before a desperate "Oh sod it" moment! I cut the decks in one piece each from mountboard and preformed the camber by scribing the underside and gently bending to shape.

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No one could be more surprised than me to discover that everything actually lined up sweetly!

Whew and phfworr!!

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The stern required a bit more thought as it is notably shorter than the bow, and therefore all the radii were smaller, while the angle between the camber and the "headledge" (peaked end of the hold hatchway) was also consequently lower!

It is a huge relief that the starboard sheer line can be seen to have turned into a pleasingly straight line - with only the shadow of the coaming to give the game away in the next two views?!

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Next up, a bit of a wallpapering exercise applying the skins...

More fun to come!

Pete.
 

Tom Insole

Western Thunderer
Next up, a bit of a wallpapering exercise applying the skins...

More fun to come!

Pete.

To which I thought I best add that after my carboot sessions last summer I returned Grandad Brian's old pasting table back to Nan! ;)

That is a lovely looking shape. I don't doubt at all that it'll turn out nigh on perfect. (as much as the head scratching, few words muttered and the odd kick of items nearby in haste might add to it's fruition!) When you say there were whistles involved I think we can safely say it's full steam ahead.

I think we can safely say both Leanne and Scarlett would be very happy mudlarking. They both like finding treasures, pebbles, sticks, leaves.... The list goes on!

Tom.
 

oldravendale

Western Thunderer
You're doing it again, Pete! Making a superb model out of nothing at all.

Memories are fallible so I'm not absolutely confident about this, but were there not a number of lighters built from concrete during the war? (2nd world, not Boer). I have it in mind that my dear departed dad pointed this out to me during one of our frequent visits to the East End.

I'm actually starting to feel guilty about even mentioning this because next thing you'll be making a mould.......

Brian
 

Peter Insole

Western Thunderer
Sorry Grahame, there was an activity overlap going on there!

Lovely boats! I'm afraid I never got round to finishing my own little version of a classic "sprittie"!

Pete.
 
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