The Awdry's take on the history of Sodor and its railways is an interesting read. You can find it in PDF form, here:
Looking at it as a historian - I can't help it, it's the job - there's some fairly significant holes, but the medieval stuff is broadly plausible, and I can just about accept that something like the NWR (as it became), might have escaped the Grouping, there's no way on earth Nationalisation would have evaded it.
Let's consider the known facts from the books, enlarged upon by the Awdry's in their 'History'.
1. A glance at the map of Sodor reveals a railway route mileage of over 50 miles of mainline and six branches. A lot since none of the towns appear to be of any size at all.
2. The railway operations of the island demonstrate some BR involvement: the extent is never made clear.
3. The operations seem to require just a handful of consecutively numbered locos which is added to for very specific reasons and accompanied by reopenings ('Thomas' is relocated from station pilot working to branch working for example, 'Duck' and 'Oliver' end up running a branchline that has been reopened - what happened to the station pilot work 'Duck' was acquired for?). Hmm.
4. All this overseen by three generations of the same family running the show spanning a period of over 70 years (the 'Topham-Hatt' problem). Awdry has this being down to an implausible degree of operational independence(!) That's private company behaviour... I can't see Marylebone wearing this.
5. The governance of Sodor is only described in the Awdry's 'History' (and strongly echoes that of the Isle of Man - since we're only a mile or two off Barrow, and Furness was Lancashire North of the Sands - that doesn't wash. Lancashire was eccentric, in local government terms, but not *that* idiosyncratic.
6. The geology of Sodor includes, in no particular order: China Clay, Lead ores, Uranium(!), Slate, Aluminium ore and, apparently iron ore, too.
So before I look at what 'James' might be, a little sample of a history that makes some sense of what the books show.
Sodor Oral History Project 1975 (Interview with Charles Topham-Hatt) [EXCERPT]
INTERVIEWER: You are the second generation of your family to oversee the railways here... how did that come about and what sort of railway did your father run?
T-H: Pa [Sir Topham-Hatt I, d.1956] was a premium apprentice at Swindon in [George Jackson] Churchward's time, before the Great War and came, through the various industries that dominated Sodor, to oversee the standard gauge railways that were left out of the Grouping in 1923. Come 1947, the finances were difficult, the various industries in effect - and later in reality - acquired by the State and this took time to unpick [The Sodor Development Act received royal assent in 1950]. Sodor was deprived and backward. The last war - and the dramatic growth of Barrow - changed the centre of gravity. Minerals apart, the passenger traffic was seasonal - day trippers and so on - and commuters into Furness, which the LMS had cornered through their traffic agreement in the '20s. The through traffic was ours, but the buses had eroded much of that by the late '30s and the last War saw off much of the rest...
INTERVIEWER: The Reverend Awdry has made the railways famous. Can you tell me what you make of that?
T-H: Wilbert never did grasp that Sodor's railways are essentially private. On Nationalisation all the public passenger services, more or less, passed to British Railways. So did much of the common carrier freight, on the main line, anyway. What Wilbert saw, when he first came here in 1950* was the aftermath of that. We hadn't much left, being effectively a subsidy of the Development Corporation. Bluntly, we scrapped almost everything - what locomotives we had left, most hopelessly unsuited, really, we renumbered - and added to, essentially as finances allowed or, in the case of the Ffarquar tramway, because of legal trouble. After Pa retired we managed to get a pannier from Swindon, and to supplement that small fleet - and the Ministry of Supply, who ran much of the railway into the early '50s left us with about a dozen of their saddletanks, which we later sold to the coal board, but basically, our job was to shift private freight.
INTERVIEWER: But that's not what Awdry showed in the books? What accounts for the difference?
T-H: Wilbert is a romantic! He recounts stories Pa told him - which relate to the interwar period mostly - and mixed that with railwaymens' yarns. The briefings for the illustrator were obviously based on his holiday photos, so reflect what you could see in the '50s. Never a BR loco to be seen, of course, but who can blame him? One Stanier five is much like another. He only started paying proper attention when Pa acquired number 7 - which he knew from his time on the Fens, of course - came. It is his favourite, despite everyone's obsession with our number 1; for his sons, too...
...that changed come '63 when it was pretty obvious that Dr Beeching had little use for the passenger railway west of Barrow, all DMUs by then, like all local services around Barrow. To my surprise there is still a BR passenger service, only a handful of trains a day, but even so. Of course the various small railways were coming into their own as tourist attractions and diesels and lorries had taken over the freight, so we diversified. We're now pretty much a tourist concern, which is fairly remarkable, though that's summer only. The buses have seen to that. The North Western has transitioned into a cornerstone of the tourist economy and the growing railway preservation movement. We do run some of the mineral traffic though: commercial steam-hauled freight in the 1970s? Unique in western Europe, I'm told.
More on 'James' when I've invented it!
Adam
*
I have Awdry visiting before the Second World War, too (because I can): Scattergun - EM Whimsy: Home James!